<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <title type="html"><![CDATA[飞鸟的天空 - 技术文档]]></title>
  <subtitle type="html"><![CDATA[What you are you do not see,What you see is your shadow.]]></subtitle>
  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/</id>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/" /> 
  <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.cmuch.com/atom.asp" /> 
  <generator uri="http://www.pjhome.net/" version="2.8">PJBlog3</generator> 
  <updated>2009-11-10T15:32:42+08:00</updated>

  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Capture o&#114; record a real audio/video (rtsp) stream]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-11-10T15:32:42+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-11-10T15:32:42+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[mplayer -noframedro&#112; -dumpfile out.rm -dumpstream rtsp://url/to/file.rm<br/><br/>(Michael Carr notes that passing a -bandwidth N option, wh&#101;re N is your available bandwidth may considerably speed up the download; the mplayer manual seems to be unclear about it being bits o&#114; bytes, though.)<br/><br/>When the download is done you can watch o&#114; listen to out.rm with a media player, like realplay o&#114; mplayer.<br/>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=256" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=256</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Lighttpd+php-cgi遇到的问题]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-07-24T18:06:08+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-07-24T18:06:08+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[在centOS5.3上,启动lighttpd出现下面提示:<br/>(mod_fastcgi.c.924) bind failed for: unix:/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.socket-0 No such file o&#114; directory <br/><br/>解决办法:<br/>mkdir -p /var/run/lighttpd/<br/>chown lighttpd:lighttpd /var/run/lighttpd/<br/>chmod 777 /var/run/lighttpd/]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=255" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=255</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Debian key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9AA38DCD55B]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-07-18T00:45:41+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-07-18T00:45:41+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[W: GPG error: <a href="http://ftp.tw.debian.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ftp.tw.debian.org</a> etch Release: The following signatures couldn&#39;t be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9AA38DCD55BE302B<br/>W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:<br/>9AA38DCD55BE302B<br/>W: You may want to run apt-get up&#100;ate to correct these problems<br/><br/>解決方案：<br/># gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 9AA38DCD55BE302B<br/># gpg --armor --export 9AA38DCD55BE302B |apt-key add -<br/># aptitude up&#100;ate]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=253" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=253</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Nginx gzip]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-01-16T16:19:15+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-01-16T16:19:15+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:10pt"><br/>#vim nginx.conf<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip&nbsp;&nbsp;on;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip_comp_level 8;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip_min_length&nbsp;&nbsp;1000;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip_proxied&nbsp;&nbsp;expired no-cache no-store private auth;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#或者<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip_proxied any;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;<br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=243" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=243</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Lighttpd gzip php]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-01-16T15:12:07+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-01-16T15:12:07+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:10pt"><br/><br/>#vim php.ini<br/>To compress dynamic content with PHP please enable following two directives:<br/>zlib.output_compression = On<br/>zlib.output_handler = On<br/><br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=242" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=242</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Linux下用bmon实时监测网卡流量]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2009-01-15T14:31:21+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2009-01-15T14:31:21+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[在Debian下apt-get install bmon<br/>使用如下:<br/>#bmon -o ascii -p eth0<br/><img src="http://www.cmuch.com/attachments/month_0901/92009115143158.jpg" border="0" alt=""/><br/>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=241" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=241</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[关于Debian源的一些简单说明]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2008-12-24T12:26:58+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-12-24T12:26:58+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:10pt"><br/>以下 stable, testing, unstable, experimental 的源算是对 Debian 软件包的一种水平划分。其实也可看成为稳定性不同的发行版本。<br/>通常我们还会以开发代号来称呼它们，目前的 stable 的开发代号是 sagre， testing 的开发代号是 etch，而 unstable 的开发代号一直是 sid。<br/>以前 testing 对应的是 sarge，后来 sarge 发展得差不多了，Debian 社区正式发行了 sarge，于是 sarge 就变成了 stable 版本。现在的 testing 则是 etch，将来发展稳定了etch 将变成新的 stable 版本。<br/><br/>stable源，就如同字面意思一样，是最稳定的源，但相对的各个软件则通常不是最新版， 一般情况下没有出现什么安全问题是不会更新的，所安装软件较少也较为固定。<br/>如果是搭建服务器的话，一般都采用 stable 的源。<br/><br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> stable main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> stable main contrib non-free<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> stable/non-US main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> stable/non-US main contrib non-free<br/><br/>testing 源，虽名为测试版，实则已经相当接近于 stable 版本的程度，这个版本的软件多半是在 unstable 中经由维护、开发人员不断的测试之后流入，所以在某种程度来说，其实已经做过初步的检测，这里头的软件大多也是相当稳定的，而且软件也都会比 stable 里头的新，而且软件总量来说则比上 stable 要多很多。<br/>大多数人一般都使用的都是 testing 的源。<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> testing main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> testing main contrib non-free<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> testing/non-US main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> testing/non-US main contrib non-free<br/><br/><br/>unstable 源，个人看法这才算是 测试版 ，这里头最大的特色就是软件更新速度快，几乎都与该软件同步，因为太新相对的使用 unstable 的人也必须承担更高的风险，有时候您可能会遭遇到一早更新完所有软件后，发现有些软件不能正常运作的状况，不过庆幸的是这种情形大概只会持续一两天左右，因为 unstable 的特色就是更新速度快，一旦有人回报问题，维护的人很快就会作修正。<br/>如果喜欢玩软件，也不在乎有时候系统有出现一些小毛病，那就用它吧!<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> unstable main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> unstable main contrib non-free<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> unstable /non-US main contrib non-free<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-non-US</a> unstable /non-US main contrib non-free<br/><br/>experimental源，按照官方的说法，里面的软件大多都是很不稳定和充满bug的，并可能导致数据的丢失….<br/>如果想用到最新的软件并充满小白鼠的献身精神或者是立志成为Bug Reporter..那就用它吧…<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian/</a> experimental main contrib non-free<br/><br/>backports源，为 Debian 提供不需要非 Stable 链接库就可在 Stable 版运行的新软件包，有效地弥补了Debian Stable版软件较旧的缺点。属于稳定性和功能之间的一个新的平衡点吧。<br/>而且，这是 Lonecat 大大目前使用的源，还想什么，就选它吧。<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-backports" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-backports</a> sarge-backports main non-free contrib<br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-bit" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-bit</a> stable main non-free contrib<br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-marillat" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/mirror/debian-marillat</a> stable main<br/><br/>忘了还有一个 debian-uo，uo 是 Unofficial 的简写，也就是非官方的软件库。<br/><br/>deb <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-uo" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-uo</a> sid marillat rareware misc ustc java firefly jrfonseca xorg<br/>deb-src <a href="http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-uo" target="_blank" rel="external">http://mirror.bitunion.org/debian-uo</a> sid marillat rareware misc ustc java firefly jrfonseca xorg<br/><br/>而其中出现的 main contrib non-free 之类的，理解为一种垂直的划分吧。<br/>因为 Debian 是非营利组织，但是组织架构严谨，有一套完善的软件管理方式。基于其对软件 free 度的一种坚持，对不同版权软件包的录入有一些限定。<br/>下面是对它们的一些简要介绍：<br/><br/>main Debian 里最基本及主要且符合自由软件规范的软件 ( packages )。<br/>contrib 这里头软件虽然可以在 Debian 里头运作，即使本身属于自由软件但多半却是相依于非自由 ( non-free ) 软件。<br/>non-free 不属于自由软件范畴的软件。<br/>non-us 这个分类里头的软件都来自非美国地区，当中可能有牵扯到专利、加密..等等问题。<br/>marillat 对应 Christian Marillat 的软件仓库，包括mplayer, transcode等。<br/>rareware 对应 rarewares.org 的软件仓库, 包括很多音效程序，如lame, musepack, beep media player等。<br/>ustc 对应 debian@ustc 维护的一些软件包，如 mule-gbk, gaim-openq, scim, stardict dicts, patched xpdf, irssi, xmms。<br/>java 对应 Blackdown java。包括 j2re, j2sdk ,mozilla java plugin。<br/>firefly 对应打过firefly补丁的包，包括 fontconfig mozilla mozilla-firefox pango1.0 qt-x11-free xft<br/>misc 对应其它无分类的包，包括 nvidia-kernel, winex3, rox, chmsee等<br/>debian-bit Lonecat 大大自己编译的一些软件包都在这里。<br/><br/>最后是关于源的混用问题，一般不建议混用 stable, testing 和 unstable 的源。因为很多软件之间都有不同程度的相依性，强行的结果会造成更多软件相依、相斥问题的产生，最终可能影响系统稳定与整个软件升级制度的正常运作。<br/><br/>需要把源从 stable 升到 testing, unstable 或者是从 testing 升到 unstable 源是非常简单的，只要修改 sources.list 里的源就好了。但反过来，降级是一种几乎不可能的任务…<br/><br/>还有就是 deb-src 代表的是源代码的源。<br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=237" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=237</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Lighttpd应用补充:关于日志]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2008-12-24T11:20:54+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-12-24T11:20:54+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:10pt"><br/>1，设置日志文件<br/><br/>accesslog.filename=&#34;/SOHU/LOG/apachelogs/c_access_log&#34;<br/><br/>2，使用cronolog<br/><br/>accesslog.filename=&#34;|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /SOHU/LOG/apachelogs/c_access_log.%w&#34;<br/><br/>3，定义记录格式：<br/><br/>accesslog.format=&#34;%h %l %u %t &#34;%r&#34; 200 %b &#34;%{Referer}i&#34; &#34;%{User-Agent}i&#34;&#34;<br/><br/>4，文件过滤，对部分访问不记录：<br/><br/>$HTTP[&#34;url&#34;] !~ &#34;click.php&#34; {<br/>accesslog.filename = &#34;|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /SOHU/LOG/apachelogs/c_access_log.%w&#34;<br/>}<br/><br/>5，记录特殊内容。<br/><br/>A－SQUID传来的用户IP<br/><br/>accesslog.format = &#34;%{X-Forwarded-For}i %v %u %t &#34;%r&#34; %s %b &#34;%{User-Agent}i&#34; &#34;%{Referer}i&#34;&#34;<br/><br/>B－自定义的Header段<br/><br/>PHP程序：header(&#34;X-LIGHTTPD-jimmy&#34;,&#34;100&#34;)<br/><br/>accesslog.format=&#34;%h %l %u %t &#34;%r&#34; %b %&gt;s &#34;%{Referer}i&#34; &#34;%{User-Agent}i&#34; &#34;%{X-LIGHTTPD-jimmy}o&#34;&#34;<br/><br/>注意：X-LIGHTTPD-为前缀的Header不会被实际发往用户端。<br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=236" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=236</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[visudo编辑sudoers配置文件]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2008-12-23T22:23:46+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-12-23T22:23:46+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:11pt"><br/>visudo编辑sudoers配置文件，不过也可以直接通过修改sudoers文件实现，不过编辑之前最好看一下它的sample.sudoers文件，里面有一个相当详细的例子可以参考。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>空格部分用tab键代替<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃第一部分：用户定义，将用户分为FULLTIMERS、PARTTIMERS和WEBMASTERS三类。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;User_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; FULLTIMERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; millert,&nbsp;&nbsp; mikef,&nbsp;&nbsp; dowdy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;User_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; PARTTIMERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; bostley,&nbsp;&nbsp; jwfox,&nbsp;&nbsp; crawl&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;User_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; WEBMASTERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; will,&nbsp;&nbsp; wendy,&nbsp;&nbsp; wim&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃第二部分，将操作类型分类。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Runas_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; OP&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; root,&nbsp;&nbsp; operator&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Runas_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; DB&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; o&#114;acle,&nbsp;&nbsp; sybase&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;#第三部分，将主机分类。这些都是随便分得，目的是为了更好地管理。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Host_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SPARC&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; bigtime,&nbsp;&nbsp; eclipse,&nbsp;&nbsp; moet,&nbsp;&nbsp; anchor&nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;SGI&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; grolsch,&nbsp;&nbsp; dandelion,&nbsp;&nbsp; black&nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ALPHA&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; widget,&nbsp;&nbsp; thalamus,&nbsp;&nbsp; foobar&nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;HPPA&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; boa,&nbsp;&nbsp; nag,&nbsp;&nbsp; python&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Host_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; CUNETS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; 128.138.0.0/255.255.0.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Host_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; CSNETS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; 128.138.243.0,&nbsp;&nbsp; 128.138.204.0/24,&nbsp;&nbsp; 128.138.242.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Host_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; master,&nbsp;&nbsp; mail,&nbsp;&nbsp; www,&nbsp;&nbsp; ns&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Host_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; CDROM&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; o&#114;ion,&nbsp;&nbsp; perseus,&nbsp;&nbsp; hercules&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃第四部分，定义命令和命令地路径。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; DUMPS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/mt,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/dump,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/rdump,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/sbin/restore,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/rrestore&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; KILL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/kill&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; PRINTING&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/lpc,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/lprm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SHUTDOWN&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/shutdown&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; HALT&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/halt,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/fasthalt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; REBOOT&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/reboot,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/sbin/fastboot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SHELLS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/sh,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/csh,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/ksh,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/bin/tcsh,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/rsh,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/bin/zsh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SU&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> ＃这里是针对不同的用户采用不同地策略，比如默认所有的syslog直接通过auth&nbsp;&nbsp; 输出。FULLTIMERS组不用看到lecture（第一次运行时产生的消息）；用户millert使用sudo时不用输入密码；以及logfile的路径在/var/log/sudo.log而且每一行日志中必须包括年。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Defaults&nbsp;&nbsp; syslog=auth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Defaults:FULLTIMERS&nbsp;&nbsp; !lecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Defaults:millert&nbsp;&nbsp; !authenticate&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Defaults@SERVERS&nbsp;&nbsp; log_year,&nbsp;&nbsp; logfile=/var/log/sudo.log&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃root和wheel组的成员拥有任何权利。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;root&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;%wheel&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> ＃FULLTIMERS可以运行任何命令在任何主机而不用输入自己的密码&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;FULLTIMERS&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃PARTTIMERS可以运行任何命令在任何主机，但是必须先验证自己的密码。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;PARTTIMERS&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃jack可以运行任何命令在定义地CSNET（128.138.243.0,&nbsp;&nbsp; 128.138.242.0和128.138.204.0/24的子网）中，不过注意前两个不需要匹配子网掩码，而后一个必须匹配掩码。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;jack&nbsp;&nbsp; CSNETS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃lisa可以运行任何命令在定义为CUNETS（128.138.0.0）的子网中主机上。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;lisa&nbsp;&nbsp; CUNETS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;#用户operator可以运行DUMPS,KILL,PRINTING,SHUTDOWN,HALT,REBOOT以及在/usr/oper/bin中的所有命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;operator&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; DUMPS,&nbsp;&nbsp; KILL,&nbsp;&nbsp; PRINTING,&nbsp;&nbsp; SHUTDOWN,&nbsp;&nbsp; HALT,&nbsp;&nbsp; REBOOT,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/oper/bin/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃joe可以运行su&nbsp;&nbsp; operator命令&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;joe&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp; operator&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃pete可以为除root之外地用户修改密码。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;pete&nbsp;&nbsp; HPPA&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/passwd&nbsp;&nbsp; [A-z]*,&nbsp;&nbsp; !/usr/bin/passwd&nbsp;&nbsp; root&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃bob可以在SPARC和SGI机器上和OP用户组中的root和operator一样运行如何命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;bob&nbsp;&nbsp; SPARC&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (OP)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp;&nbsp; SGI&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (OP)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> ＃jim可以运行任何命令在biglab网络组中。Sudo默认“＋”是一个网络组地前缀。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;jim&nbsp;&nbsp; +biglab&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃在secretaries中地用户帮助管理打印机，并且可以运行adduser和rmuser命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;+secretaries&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; PRINTING,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/adduser,&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/rmuser&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃fred能够直接运行oracle或者sybase数据库。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;fred&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (DB)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃john可以在ALPHA机器上，su除了root之外地所有人。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;john&nbsp;&nbsp; ALPHA&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp; [!-]*,&nbsp;&nbsp; !/usr/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp; *root*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃jen可以在除了SERVERS主机组的机器上运行任何命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;jen&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL,&nbsp;&nbsp; !SERVERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃jill可以在SERVERS上运行/usr/bin/中的除了su和shell命令之外的所有命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;jill&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/,&nbsp;&nbsp; !SU,&nbsp;&nbsp; !SHELLS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃steve可以作为普通用户运行在CSNETS主机上的/usr/local/op_commands/内的任何命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;steve&nbsp;&nbsp; CSNETS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (operator)&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/local/op_commands/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> ＃matt可以在他的个人工作站上运行kill命令。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;matt&nbsp;&nbsp; valkyrie&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; KILL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃WEBMASTERS用户组中的用户可以以www的用户名运行任何命令或者可以su&nbsp;&nbsp; www。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;WEBMASTERS&nbsp;&nbsp; www&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (www)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL,&nbsp;&nbsp; (root)&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp; www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;＃任何用户可以mount或者umount一个cd-rom在CDROM主机上，而不用输入密码。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; CDROM&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:&nbsp;&nbsp; /sbin/umount&nbsp;&nbsp; /CDROM,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;/sbin/mount&nbsp;&nbsp; -o&nbsp;&nbsp; nosuid,nodev&nbsp;&nbsp; /dev/cd0a&nbsp;&nbsp; /CDROM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;10)&nbsp;&nbsp; 我的sudoers&nbsp;&nbsp; 配置文件是这样的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;User_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; root,username&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Runas_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; OP&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; username&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; IPCHAINS&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/ipchains&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; EDIT&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /bin/vi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SHUTDOWN&nbsp;&nbsp; =/sbin/shutdown&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; HALT&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/halt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; DEL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /bin/rm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; COPY=&nbsp;&nbsp; /bin/cp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SU=/bin/su&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; SLEEP=&nbsp;&nbsp; /bin/sleep&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; REBOOT&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /usr/bin/reboot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; CHMOD=/bin/chmod&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; HWCLOCK=/sbin/hwclock&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; TRACET=/usr/sbin/traceroute&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; VIPW&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; /sbin/route&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; PASSWD=/usr/bin/passwd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; IPSEC=/usr/local/sbin/ipsec&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; ARP=/sbin/arp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Cmnd_Alias&nbsp;&nbsp; HOSTNAME=/bin/hostname&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;root&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp; =&nbsp;&nbsp; (ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; ALL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:HOSTNAME&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:ARP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:HWCLOCK&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:IPCHAINS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:HALT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:SHUTDOWN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:REBOOT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:CHMOD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:IPSEC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:PASSWD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:TRACET&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:DEL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:COPY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:SU&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:EDIT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:SLEEP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;ADMIN&nbsp;&nbsp; SERVERNAME=(ALL)&nbsp;&nbsp; NOPASSWD:ROUTE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;sudo的使用相对地简单，只要将sudo和sudoers命令拷贝到相应的路径即可。Sudo命令可以rename成你所喜欢的名字，sudoers也一样。<br/><br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=235" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=235</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[用sysctl进行调整Linux系统性能]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>cn_vipus</name>
		 <uri>http://www.cmuch.com/</uri>
		 <email>cn_vipus@yahoo.com.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?cateID=5" label="技术文档" /> 
	  <updated>2008-12-22T10:40:04+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-12-22T10:40:04+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<span style="font-size:11pt"><br/>sysctl是一个允许您改变正在运行中的Linux系统的接口。它包含一些 TCP/IP 堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项， 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。基于这点，sysctl(8) 提供两个功能：读取和修改系统设置。<br/>查看所有可读变量：<br/>% sysctl -a<br/>读一个指定的变量，例如 kern.maxproc：<br/>% sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044<br/>要设置一个指定的变量，直接用 variable=value 这样的语法：<br/># sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000<br/>kern.maxfiles: 2088 -&gt; 5000<br/>您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量，也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf 看起来很像 rc.conf。它用 variable=value 的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。<br/>sysctl 变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。 (布尔型用 1 来表示&#39;yes&#39;，用 0 来表示&#39;no&#39;)。<br/><br/>sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0<br/>sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1<br/>sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1<br/><br/>配置sysctl<br/><br/>编辑此文件：<br/><br/>vi /etc/sysctl.conf<br/><br/><br/>如果该文件为空，则输入以下内容，否则请根据情况自己做调整：<br/><br/># Controls source route verification<br/># Default should work for all interfaces<br/>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1<br/><br/># Disables IP source routing<br/># Default should work for all interfaces<br/>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0<br/><br/># Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel<br/>kernel.sysrq = 0<br/><br/># Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.<br/># Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.<br/>kernel.core_uses_pid = 1<br/><br/># Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm<br/># Only uncomment if needed!<br/># kernel.shmmax = 67108864<br/><br/># Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance<br/># Default should work for all interfaces<br/>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0<br/># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0<br/><br/># Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets<br/># Default should work for all interfaces<br/>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1<br/># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1<br/><br/># Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25<br/><br/># Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200<br/><br/># Turn on the tcp_window_scaling<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1<br/><br/># Turn on the tcp_sack<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1<br/><br/># tcp_fack should be on because of sack<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1<br/><br/># Turn on the tcp_timestamps<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1<br/><br/># Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1<br/><br/># Enable ignoring broadcasts request<br/>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1<br/><br/># Enable bad error message Protection<br/>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1<br/><br/># Make more local ports available<br/># net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000<br/><br/># Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5<br/><br/># Lower syn retry rates<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3<br/><br/># Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048<br/><br/># Various Settings<br/>net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024<br/><br/># Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached<br/>net.core.hot_list_length = 256<br/><br/># Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000<br/><br/># This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues<br/>net.core.rmem_default = 65535<br/>net.core.rmem_max = 8388608<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608<br/>net.core.wmem_default = 65535<br/>net.core.wmem_max = 8388608<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608<br/>net.core.optmem_max = 40960<br/><br/>如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机，则加入以下代码：<br/><br/># Disable ping requests<br/>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1<br/><br/>编辑完成后，请执行以下命令使变动立即生效：<br/><br/>/sbin/sysctl -p<br/>/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1<br/><br/><div class="UBBPanel codePanel"><div class="UBBTitle"><img src="http://www.cmuch.com/images/code.gif" style="margin:0px 2px -3px 0px" alt="程序代码"/> 程序代码</div><div class="UBBContent"><br/>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1<br/>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1<br/>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =&nbsp;&nbsp;5000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;65000<br/></div></div><br/></span>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=233" /> 
	  <id>http://www.cmuch.com/default.asp?id=233</id>
  </entry>	
		
</feed>
